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FederalTax creditCanadaLOW competitionHIGH complexityNiche: R&D-active Canadian tech corporations

Scientific Research & Experimental Development (SR&ED)

Administered by Canada Revenue Agency · Funded by Government of Canada · CRA

Canada's largest R&D incentive — refundable investment tax credit on eligible R&D salaries, contractors, and materials. Up to 35% refundable for CCPCs on the first $3M of qualifying expenditures.

Per-organization
Up to $3.0M
Deadline
Rolling intake
Decision
~20 weeks
Match required
No

About the program

SR&ED provides a federal investment tax credit on eligible scientific research and experimental development. CCPCs earn up to 35% refundable on the first $3M of qualifying expenditures; larger corporations earn 15% non-refundable. Filed as part of the T2 corporate return, with the T661 technical narrative and T2SCH31 schedule due within 18 months of fiscal year-end.

R&D / InnovationCommercialization
◆ Funding structure

How much is on the table

The total program pool, per-organization max, and what your contribution has to be.

Total program pool
$4.1B

Aggregate annual funding across all recipients. Includes federal and provincial allocations where applicable.

Per organization
Up to $3.0M

Up to 35% refundable on the first $3M in qualifying expenditures for CCPCs. 15% non-refundable above the $3M cap and for non-CCPCs. No matching contribution required — this is a claim against R&D costs already incurred.

◆ Peer benchmark
Companies like yours typically claim
$201K
Based on 20,800 approved applicants in 2025.
◆ Your fit

Does your organization qualify?

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◆ Practitioner take

Key insights, what works, red flags

What our team has learned from filing this program hundreds of times.

What works
  • Contemporaneous documentation (timesheets, Jira, commits tied to SR&ED projects)
  • Well-structured technical narratives that lead with the uncertainty and hypotheses tested
  • Clean cost segregation between direct R&D labour, support labour, and non-SR&ED work
  • Coordinating provincial claims (T2SCH508 for Ontario) in the same filing
  • Filing early — CRA processes clean CCPC claims in 60-120 days
Red flags
  • !Narrative describes routine engineering with no defensible uncertainty statement
  • !No time-tracking system in place before the claim is prepared
  • !Marketing/PM/admin salaries mixed into direct R&D labour buckets
  • !Filing 15+ months post FY-end (audit risk skyrockets as deadline nears)
  • !First-time claims over $500K without a specialist involved (technical review is near-certain)
◆ GovMoney analysis

Worth applying?

SR&ED is the highest-ROI federal program for any R&D-active Canadian corporation. The bar for eligibility is technological uncertainty and systematic investigation, not commercial success — meaning failed experiments still qualify. Worth pursuing for any CCPC with >$50K in eligible salaries. The complexity is real: technical narratives, cost segregation, and audit-readiness matter. Getting it right typically requires a specialist.

◆ Application

How to apply

The practical sequence, from a firm that files these claims every week.

  1. 1

    Identify eligible R&D activity

    Ongoing

    Confirm the work involved technological uncertainty, systematic investigation, and generated new technological knowledge. Not every engineering task qualifies — the S/THERI framework helps separate SR&ED-eligible work from routine development.

  2. 2

    Track hours and costs contemporaneously

    Throughout the fiscal year

    Timesheet or Jira/Linear time-tracking against each SR&ED project. Segregate direct R&D labour, subcontractor invoices, and materials. Contemporaneous documentation is the single strongest audit defence.

  3. 3

    Prepare the T661 technical narrative

    3–5 days per project

    Two 1,400-character narrative fields per project describing the uncertainty, the hypotheses tested, and the results. Reviewers read these first — poorly written narratives trigger review even when the underlying work is strong.

  4. 4

    Compile the T2SCH31 costing schedule

    2–3 days

    Detailed cost breakdown by SR&ED project, cross-referenced to the T661 narratives. Proxy vs. traditional overhead election, contractor treatment, and the enhanced-vs-basic-rate calculation all live here.

  5. 5

    File with the T2 corporate return

    Due within 18 months of FY-end

    Attach T661 + T2SCH31 to the T2. Must be filed within 18 months of fiscal year-end (hard deadline — CRA does not accept late SR&ED claims). Refund typically arrives within 60–120 days for CCPCs with clean claims.

Required documents

What you need ready before you apply.

  • T2 corporate income tax return
  • T661 technical narratives (one per SR&ED project)
  • T2SCH31 SR&ED cost schedule
  • T2SCH508 (Ontario OITC — if Ontario-resident)
  • Contemporaneous time-tracking records (timesheets, Jira, Linear, etc.)
  • Payroll register for the fiscal year
  • Subcontractor invoices with SR&ED work descriptions
  • R&D materials invoices and consumption records

Where applications go wrong

The failure patterns we see most often in the review-desk piles.

  • ×Narrative describes routine engineering, not technological uncertainty
  • ×No contemporaneous time-tracking to support labour claims
  • ×Costs claimed against a project that produced no documented experimentation
  • ×Subcontractor invoices missing SR&ED work descriptions
  • ×Failure to distinguish direct R&D labour from support/admin time
  • ×Missed 18-month filing deadline (unrecoverable)
◆ Historical data

Program performance over time

Applications, approvals, and dollars funded across recent cycles.

◆ At a glance

Program by the numbers

Sourced from CRA / agency data · latest 2025
Approval rate
90%
2025 · 20,800 approved
Avg award
$201K
2025 recipients
Lifetime funded
$22.0B
2020–2025
Applications growth
+5%/yr
Year-over-year
Decision timeline
20 wks
Application to decision
Program age
41 yr
Since 1985
2025 approvals
20,800
Approval rate
90%
2025 funding
$4.2B
Applications 2020→2025
+26%
Applications vs approved

Volume trend

202016,500
202117,050
202218,100
202318,900
202420,100
202520,800
Approved by industry
Software & IT34%
Manufacturing19%
MedTech / Biotech14%
Cleantech / Energy11%
Hardware / Robotics9%
AI / ML8%
Other5%
Approved by stage
Startup (0-2 yrs)18%
Early-stage (2-5 yrs)29%
Growth (5-10 yrs)31%
Scale (10+ yrs)22%
Approved by province
ON41%
QC24%
BC15%
AB10%
Other10%
◆ Model the numbers

What could this program fund for you?

Live estimator using this program's rate and cap. Drag the slider to see the impact on your project.

◆ ROI calculator

Model your funding

Enter the total cost of the project you want to fund with SR&ED. We'll estimate the grant amount, your matching contribution, and your net cost.

$
$5K$9.0M
Program parameters
Funding rate35% (est.)
Per-org cap$3,000,000
Match requiredNo
Your take
Program funds you
Your contribution
Total project
Effective cost to you

Estimates are illustrative — actual funding depends on eligibility, cost classification, and review outcomes. For a firm quote, book a call with our team.

◆ Recipients

Real applications, real outcomes

Anonymized case studies from GovMoney's practice.

Software
$487,000
SaaS platform (Series A, Toronto)

First-time claimant, 12 engineers, novel real-time collaboration engine. Two-project narrative, refund received in 78 days, zero adjustments on first-pass review.

MedTech
$1.2M
MedTech scaleup (Waterloo)

Three years of accumulated SR&ED filed via voluntary disclosure. Enhanced narrative work on cardiac imaging algorithm; passed technical review with minor cost adjustments.

Cleantech
$210,000
Cleantech pre-revenue (Vancouver)

Pre-revenue CCPC, 4 engineers. Full 35% refund on Series-Seed R&D burn. Refund used to extend runway by ~4 months. Stackable with IRAP grant received in same fiscal year.

◆ We can file this for you

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◆ Done-for-you filing

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Program FAQ

Questions we get from applicants every week.

Do failed R&D projects still qualify for SR&ED?+

Yes — this is one of the most misunderstood parts of the program. SR&ED eligibility is based on the presence of technological uncertainty and systematic investigation, not commercial success. A project that failed to achieve its technical objective can still be fully claimable if the work was documented as systematic experimentation to resolve the uncertainty.

Can I claim SR&ED for AI/ML model development?+

It depends. Applying an off-the-shelf model to your data is not SR&ED. Developing novel model architectures, novel training strategies, or solving genuinely uncertain engineering problems in model deployment (latency, cost, accuracy) can qualify. The bar is whether the work required systematic experimentation to resolve technological uncertainty that a competent AI engineer could not have resolved by applying standard practice.

What's the difference between refundable and non-refundable SR&ED?+

CCPCs earn 35% refundable on the first $3M of qualifying expenditures — meaning CRA cuts a cheque even if the company has no taxable income. Above $3M and for non-CCPCs, the rate is 15% non-refundable — it can only be applied against tax payable. Most tech startups qualify for the full refundable rate.

How does the 18-month deadline work exactly?+

The T661 SR&ED filing deadline is 18 months after the end of the fiscal year in which the expenditures were incurred. For a December 31 year-end, the deadline is June 30 of the second-following year. CRA does not accept late SR&ED claims under any circumstances — miss the date and the credit is permanently lost.

Will claiming SR&ED trigger a CRA audit?+

Claims are risk-scored, and higher-risk claims get technical review. Common triggers: first-time large claims, weak or template-sounding narratives, cost patterns inconsistent with the narrative (e.g. massive marketing spend on a claimed technical breakthrough), or industry mismatches. A well-prepared claim with contemporaneous documentation and defensible narratives passes review cleanly the vast majority of the time.

Recent updates

Changes to the program tracked by our team.

  • 2026-04-15

    Federal Budget 2026 confirmed SR&ED 2.0 legislative direction — enhanced rate cap increases to $6M in eligible expenditures for CCPCs, effective fiscal years starting after 2026.

  • 2026-01-08

    CRA released updated T661 web filing interface with new AI-model project categorization dropdown.

  • 2025-11-22

    New IC 2012-02 supplement clarifies AI/ML eligibility criteria — model deployment engineering work explicitly addressed.

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◆ Next steps

Your path forward

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1

Determine your project

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2

Validate your eligibility

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3

File the application

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